Hypervigilance, pain catastrophizing, and avoidance are all natural responses to pain — and at the same time they can contribute to a pain-fear-avoidance cycle. Changing these behaviors, starting from a place of curious inquiry, can play a significant part in recovery.

Childhood adversity, depression, post-traumatic stress and personality traits can all play a role in chronic pain — and recovery. Healing is about experiencing a greater sense of agency, being in charge of our own healing, and reclaiming our lives.

Neuroplasticity means our brain is constantly learning, evolving and changing. The consequence of this is that whatever we repeat – thoughts, feelings, behaviors – will change the connections and structure of our brain.