Hypervigilance, pain catastrophizing, and avoidance are all natural responses to pain — and at the same time they can contribute to a pain-fear-avoidance cycle. Changing these behaviors, starting from a place of curious inquiry, can play a significant part in recovery.

Childhood adversity, depression, post-traumatic stress and personality traits can all play a role in chronic pain — and recovery. Healing is about experiencing a greater sense of agency, being in charge of our own healing, and reclaiming our lives.